煤炭工业部关于贯彻国务院国发〔１９９３〕２号文件进一步清理整顿小煤矿的通知
煤炭工业部
煤炭工业部关于贯彻国务院国发〔１９９３〕２号文件进一步清理整顿小煤矿的通知
煤炭工业部
１９９３０９３０
煤办字〔１９９３〕第２５２号
各省（区、市）煤炭管理机构：
自《国务院批转劳动部等部门关于制止小煤矿乱采滥挖
确保煤矿安全生产意见的通知》（国发〔１９９３〕２号）下发以
来，不少省（区）认真贯彻落实，做了大量工作，取得了一
定效果，但有的省（区）贯彻落实不够、行动不快、措施不
力，甚至有的至今尚未提出贯彻意见。目前，小煤矿乱采滥
挖的现象仍然相当严重。据不完全统计，目前在全国１０３个
国有重点煤矿矿务局（矿）井田内开采的小煤矿约有１１２００多
处，其中有５８００多处是非法开办的无证井。小煤矿乱采滥挖
不仅自身安全无保障，也直接影响其他矿井安全生产，致使
重大伤亡事故频繁发生。今年１－８月份，全国集体煤矿发生
一次死亡１０人以上的事故２０起，死亡３０６人，占地方煤矿
一次死亡１０人以上事故起数的７７％、死亡人数的７２％。今
年以来，由于小煤矿乱采滥挖，也导致国有煤矿重大淹井事
故１１次，影响产量３５０万吨，造成经济损失３．６亿元。如
山西潞安矿务局五阳煤矿是一个一井一面，年产量２００多万
吨的现代化矿井，因小井导水二次被淹，造成１．７亿元经济
损失。为了使小煤矿依法开办，正规生产、安全生产，合理
开发利用有限的不可再生的煤炭资源。既保证国有煤矿安全
生产，又促进小煤矿健康发展，根据国发〔１９９３〕２号文件和
各级煤炭工业管理部门加强行业管理的精神，要求各地煤炭
管理机构必须结合本地实际情况切实有效地搞好对小煤矿的
清理整顿工作。
一、对无证开采的小煤矿要一律取缔。凡危害国有煤矿
和依法开办的其它所有制形式煤矿的，要坚决关闭、封填、夯
实；凡布点过密、相互干扰的，要合理定点，采取合并、联
合的办法，依法审批，实行正规办矿，正规生产；凡有条件
继续开采的，要按规定审批，达到《矿山安全法》要求后，方
可进行生产。
二、对持证生产矿井一律按《矿山安全法》要求进行安
全生产整顿。凡存在重大事故隐患的要立即停产整顿；凡不
具备起码安全生产要求的，要限期整改；凡存在重大事故隐
患经过整改不能消除的和超层越界影响他矿安全生产拒不退
回进行有效封闭的，要坚决关闭。
三、小煤矿系指具有集体所有制性质的各种形式的煤矿
和个体煤矿，其起码的安全生产条件：
１．资源可靠，并取得采矿许可证；
２．有县（市）及以上煤炭工业管理部门批准的开采设计
文件；
３．矿井各生产系统必须符合《乡镇煤矿安全规程》的要
求，独立生产矿井至少有两个直达地面的安全出口，实行机
械通风，有合理的通风系统；
４．资源回收率要符合煤炭工业技术政策；
５．矿长和瓦斯检查员、放炮员、安全检查员、绞车司机、
电钳工、爆破器材保管员等特殊工种操作人员必须经县级以
上煤炭工业管理部门培训，持有县级以上煤炭工业管理部门
颁发的任职资格证书；
６．必须保证矿井上下、矿井内外通讯畅通；
７．井下必须按规程规定使用防爆电器设备、安全型放炮
器、煤矿许用炸药和雷管；
８．有实测的《井上下工程对照图》、《采掘工程平面图》、
《通风系统图》；有近邻矿井的必须定期向上级煤炭工业管理
部门和邻矿交换上述三种图纸，接受煤炭工业管理部门的监
督检查；
９．具有有效的环境保护措施。
四、对关闭的矿井必须填平夯实，要经上级煤炭工业管
理部门验收，并要在上级煤炭工业管理部门及相关的煤矿留
存有关图纸。
五、对非法开办和非法从事煤炭生产的煤矿要停止运销
其煤炭。
六、清理整顿小煤矿关系到办矿单位和群众的切身利
益，涉及面广，政策性强，难度甚大，各级煤炭工业管理部
门要充分依靠地方政府，与有关部门协同配合，认真负责，做
好宣传、教育、说服等工作，坚持原则，依法办事，依法管
理，使清理整顿工作取得实效。
七、各省（区、市）煤炭管理机构要树立全行业管理的
观念，把清理整顿小煤矿作为一项重要工作来抓，及时向省
政府汇报，并在年底将清理整顿的有关情况书面报告煤炭部。
附：国务院批转劳动部等部门关于制止小煤矿乱挖滥采确保煤矿安全生产意见
的通知
国发〔１９９３〕２号 中华人民共和国国务院 一九九三年一月三日
通知
国务院：
近年来，各种形式的小煤矿发展很快，为促进地方经济
发展和支援国民经济建设作出了重要贡献。但是，在其发展
过程中也出现了一些问题，主要表现在一是安全状况很不好，
事故严重；二是在国营煤矿井田范围内乱挖滥采，不惜破坏
国家煤炭资源，甚至严重影响国营大矿安全生产。这些问题，
在全国许多地方都存在，有的还非常严重。
今年一至九月，全国乡镇煤矿因工死亡人数达三千八百
五十四人，占全国煤矿事故死亡总数的６５．５％，比去年同期
上升了６．６％，特别是无证非法采煤的小煤矿事故更为突出，
仅一次死亡三人以上的事故就发生六十次，死亡四百零八人。
死亡人数比去年同期上升了２２６．４％。今年以来，全国煤矿
几次最大的事故就发生在无证的乡镇煤矿。三月二十日，山
西省吕梁地区孝义市两个无证乡镇煤矿，争抢资源，井下贯
通处发生煤尘爆炸，死亡六十五人；六月十七日，湖南省怀
化地区辰溪县方田乡一无证煤矿，因瓦斯爆炸，死亡四十三
人；九月六日，又是辰溪县方田乡的另一个无证小煤矿，井
下透水，死亡三十三人；贵州省煤矿一至九月连续发生十一
次死亡十人以上的事故，其中六次发生在无证开采的乡镇煤
矿，死亡一百零三人。
据不完全统计，目前在全国一百零三个统配矿务局
（矿）井田范围内开采的小煤矿约有一万一千二百多处，其中
有五千八百多处是无证非法开办的，这些小煤矿对国营大矿
的安全生产影响十分严重。例如，乱挖滥采大矿各类保安煤
柱的有一千三百多处，与国营大矿贯通的有二千五百多处，进
入国营大矿采区的有六百多处，已经造成透水事故三百八十
七次，瓦斯爆炸二十五次，由此破坏生产矿井现有生产水平
储量十五亿吨，直接经济损失十二亿元。江西省洛市矿务局
龙溪矿四平方公里的井田范围内有九十七个小煤矿在乱挖滥
采。由于这些小煤矿主要是开采国营矿工业广场和建筑物下
的保护煤柱，致使地面许多建筑物受到破坏。今年，丰城市
楼前乡一无证煤矿发生透水事故，殃及相毗邻的另一小煤矿
和龙溪煤矿，两个小煤矿死亡十九人，龙溪煤矿死亡七人，仅
龙溪煤矿巷道被淹，经济损失就达一千五百多万元。
为整顿乡镇煤矿和取缔无证非法采煤，近年来，国务院
先后发出了《国务院关于乡镇煤矿实行行业管理的通知》（国
发〔１９８６〕１０５号）、《国务院批转国家经委、国家计委关于立
即整顿国营煤矿井田内各种小井的意见的通知》（国发
〔１９８８〕１８号）、《国务院关于清理整顿个体采煤的通知》（国
发〔１９９１〕３７号），各级政府和有关部门做了大量工作，对小
煤矿进行了多次整顿，乱挖滥采现象有所减少，有的地区乡
镇煤矿走上了合理布局、依法开采、安全生产的道路，但多
数地区的状况没有根本改变，许多乡镇煤矿不具备起码的安
全生产条件；无证煤矿在一些地区仍然大量存在；不依法开
采、越层越界威胁国营大矿安全生产的问题相当严重。
这些问题的产生和存在，其根本原因就是有法不依、执
法不严、违法不究。对于煤炭资源开采的管理和安全生产条
件，《矿产资源法》、《矿山安全条例》以及行业主管部门和各
省（区、市）均有明确规定，关键是这些规定没有得到有效
的贯彻落实。有的地方对发展乡镇煤矿的指导思想不正确，尤
其是有些县（区）、乡一级政府的领导，只考虑发展乡镇煤矿
有利于增加财政收入、农民致富和安排农村剩余劳动力的一
面，而不考虑乡镇煤矿违法开采，不安全生产、会破坏国家
资源和危害人民生命财产的一面。有的地方置国家法令于不
顾，管理失控，放任自流。从目前情况看，如不采取有力措
施，这些问题有继续加剧的趋势，将会给人民生命财产和国
家资源造成更大损失。为此，现提出以下意见：
一、各级政府和有关部门，对当前小煤矿存在的问题必
须高度重视，并切实落实管理责任制度。要充分认识各自在
发展和管理煤矿工作中应承担的责任，下决心依法严格管理，
扶持和引导其走上健康发展的道路。要利用各种形式，广泛
宣传国家有关法律法规，教育广大农村干部和农民，特别是
县（市）、乡两级干部，认识到发展煤矿生产，必须合理规划，
依法开采，安全生产，决不能盲目蛮干，不能无视国家法律
和规定，从而增强广大干部和群众的法制观念，自觉遵守和
维护国家法律和政府的规定。
二、各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府要对贯彻《矿产资
源法》、《矿山安全条例》和国务院有关文件的情况进行认真
检查，并结合贯彻《矿山安全法》，制定有力措施，对当地存
在的问题限期予以解决。当前，要立即对在国营煤矿井田范
围内的小矿进行清理，凡是危害国营煤矿安全生产无证开采
的小矿要立即关闭，对已取得采矿许可证，但越层越界开采
的小矿要责令退回本矿区范围内开采，以保证国营煤矿安全
生产；对自身安全存在严重问题的乡镇煤矿以及其它小煤矿，
也要立即关闭，避免发生重大恶性事故。
三、各级政府和有关部门要把对小煤矿的管理纳入法制
轨道，这是解决小煤矿问题的根本途径。开办煤矿都要按照
《矿产资源法》的规定进行审批，审批部门要认真履行职责，
不符合规定的决不能批准；过去已经开办但不符合要求的要
限期达到，对达不到要求的，坚决予以关闭；凡是不履行批
准手续进行无证非法开采的煤矿要坚决取缔，造成严重后果
的，要绳之以法，对负有责任的县、乡领导要坚决予以追究；
对有证开采的小煤矿因不具备必要的安全生产条件而发生事
故的，要追究批准办矿单位的责任。
四、清理小煤矿的工作关系群众的切身利益，涉及面广，
政策性强，难度很大，各级政府要加强领导，严密组织；有
关部门要各司其职，密切配合，确保清理整顿工作顺利进行。
国营煤矿在保证企业正常生产的前提下，要支持并帮助地方
发展经济，大小矿间的纠纷问题，要依靠地方政府做好工作。
对一些好的经验，好的做法，要及时总结推广。
五、对其它小矿山的安全工作，也可按照本通知精神办
理。
以上意见如无不妥，请批转各地区和有关部门贯彻执行。
国务院关于中外合资经营企业外汇收支平衡问题的规定(附英文)(已失效)
国务院
国务院关于中外合资经营企业外汇收支平衡问题的规定(附英文)
1986年1月15日，国务院
第一条 为鼓励外国合营者在中国境内兴办中外合资经营企业，促进其外汇收支平衡，以利于生产经营和外国合营者将所得合法利润汇往国外，特制定本规定。
第二条 中外合资经营企业生产的产品应多出口，多创汇，做到外汇收支平衡。
第三条 依法批准兴办的中外合资经营企业，其外汇收支需要调剂的，应按照审批权限，分级管理解决。经国家主管机关批准兴办的中外合资经营企业，由国家主管机关负责在全国范围内的中外合资经营企业的外汇收入中调剂解决，也可由国家主管机关同地方人民政府按商定的比例调剂解决。经由国务院授权的或国家主管机关委托的地方人民政府或国务院有关部门批准兴办的中外合资经营企业，由各该地方人民政府或部门负责在所批准兴办的中外合资经营企业的外汇收入中调剂解决。
第四条 对于外国合营者提供先进技术、关键技术生产的尖端产品，或在国际上有竞争能力的优质产品，如国内急需，经主管部门鉴定合格，按国家规定的审批权限和审批程序，经过批准，可在内销比例和内销期限上给予优惠。此项内销，应由产需双方签订合同加以明确。前款企业的外汇平衡方案，按本规定第三条第二款规定由批准机关制订。批准机关制订的外汇平衡方案，应分别按行政序列，送对外经济贸易部或地方经贸部门审查提出意见，报国家计划委员会或地方计划委员会批准后纳入长期或年度用汇计划，予以解决。
第五条 中外合资经营企业生产国内需要长期进口或急需进口的产品，可根据对该项产品的质量、规格要求和进口情况，经国务院主管部门或地方主管部门批准实行进口替代。此项替代，应在双方签订的中外合资经营企业合同或产需合同中加以明确。经贸部门应积极支持国内用货单位同前款中外合资经营企业按国际价格订立购销合同；其用汇方案按本规定第三条第二款规定制订，并分别按行政序列，送对外经济贸易部或地方经贸部门审查提出意见，报国家计划委员会或地方计划委员会批准后纳入长期或年度进口用汇计划，予以解决。
第六条 中外合资经营企业为求得外汇收支平衡，经对外经济贸易部门批准，可利用外国合营者的销售关系，推销国内产品出口，实行综合补偿。但属于国家统一经营的、有出口配额的和应申报领取出口许可证的产品，须报对外经济贸易部特许批准；未经批准，中外合资经营企业不得经营此类产品的出口业务。
第七条 中外合资经营企业未按合同规定完成其所承担的出口和创汇任务，因而造成外汇收支不平衡的，有关机关不承担调剂解决的责任。
第八条 中外合资经营企业销售给经济特区和沿海开放城市的经济技术开发区以外的其他地区有外汇支付能力的企业的产品，经国家外汇管理部门批准，允许以外币计价结算。
第九条 同一外国合营者在中国境内（包括不同地方、不同部门）兴办两个或两个以上的中外合资经营企业，其合法所得的外汇份额有的有余、有的不足时，经国家外汇管理部门批准，可在其所办的各个企业之间调剂解决。前款调剂，应取得合营各方同意。
第十条 经对外经济贸易部门和外汇管理部门批准，外汇收支不能平衡的中外合资经营企业的外国合营者，可将其从中外合资经营企业分得的人民币利润，按《中外合资经营企业法》第七条的规定再投资于国内能够新创外汇或新增加外汇收入的企业，除依法享受退还已缴纳的部分所得税的优惠外，并可从接受该项投资企业新增加的外汇收入中获得外汇，以汇出其合法利润。
第十一条 本规定适用于在中国境内兴办的中外合作经营企业，以及香港、澳门、台湾地区的公司、企业和其他经济组织在内地兴办的合资经营企业、合作经营企业，也适用于华侨投资兴办的合资经营企业、合作经营企业。外国的合营者在中国境内兴办的金融、保险类企业，以及香港、澳门、台湾地区的合营者在内地兴办的此类企业，不适用本规定。
第十二条 本规定发布前的有关中外合资经营企业外汇收支平衡的规定，凡与本规定相抵触的，以本规定为准。
第十三条 本规定由对外经济贸易部负责解释。
第十四条 本规定自一九八六年二月一日起施行。(附英文)
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ISSUE OF BALANCE OFINCOME AND EXPENDITURE IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE OF CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINTVENTURES
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ISSUE OF BALANCE OF
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE OF CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT
VENTURES
(Promulgated by the State Council on January 15, 1986)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated for the purpose of encouraging foreign
investors to set up Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures in China and
promoting the achievement of balance of income and expenditure in foreign
exchange of these ventures so as to facilitate their production and
business operations and make it available for foreign partners to remit
abroad their legitimate profits obtained in China.
Article 2
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures should try to increase export of
their products and generate more foreign exchange and strive to achieve
balance of income and expenditure in foreign exchange.
Article 3
If the income and expenditure in foreign exchange of a Chinese-foreign
equity joint venture which has been set up with approval and in accordance
with the law need to be regulated, the regulation shall be administered
and effected by the authorities at different levels in accordance with
their respective authority for examination and approval. With respect to a
Chinese-foreign equity joint venture which has been set up with the
approval of competent state authorities, the regulation of its income and
expenditure in foreign exchange shall be effected by the competent state
authorities from the foreign exchange revenues of the Chinese-foreign
equity joint ventures throughout the country, or it may also be effected
jointly by the competent state authorities and the local people's
governments in accordance with the percentage agreed upon through
consultation between them. With respect to a Chinese-foreign equity joint
venture which has been launched with the approval of the local people's
government or of the department concerned of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China which has been authorized by the State Council
of the People's Republic of China or entrusted by competent state
authorities to grant the approval, the regulation of its revenue and
expenditure in foreign exchange shall be effected by the local people's
government or the department concerned from the foreign exchange revenues
of the Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures which have been launched with
their approval.
Article 4
Sophisticated products manufactured with advanced technology or key
technology provided by foreign joint venturers or quality products highly
competitive on the international market may be granted preferential
treatment in respect of the percentage and the time limit allowed for
placing them on the domestic market, provided that they are urgently
needed domestically and are proved to be up to standard upon appraisal by
competent authorities and that the granting of such treatment has been
approved in accordance with the power for examination and approval and the
procedures of examination and approval prescribed by the state. The
placing of such products on the domestic market shall be specified in the
contract signed between the manufactures and the party that needs the
products.
The plan for the balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange in
the joint ventures involved in the preceding paragraph of this Article
shall be formulated by the approving authorities in accordance with the
provisions in the second paragraph of Article 3 of these Provisions. The
plan for the balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange thus
formulated by the approving authorities shall, in accordance with the
respective administrative order, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade or the local department of foreign economic
relations and trade for examination and comments and then be submitted to
the State Planning Commission or the local planning commission for
approval, upon which it shall be included into the long-term plan or
annual plan for the use of foreign exchange and put into practice.
Article 5
Products manufactured by Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures which for a
long time have had to be imported or are urgently needed may, in
accordance with the quality and specifications required of the products
and the status of their importation and upon approval by the competent
authorities of the State Council of the People's Republic of China or by
the local competent authorities, be used as import substitutes. Such
substitution shall be specified in the Chinese-foreign equity joint
venture contract signed between the two parties thereto or in the contract
signed between the manufacturers and the party that needs the products.
Departments of foreign economic relations and trade shall give active
support to the domestic units that are users of the products and encourage
them to sign purchase and sale contracts with the Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures referred to in the preceding paragraph in accordance with
the prices prevailing in the international market. The plans for the use
of foreign exchange for these units shall be formulated in accordance with
the provisions in the second paragraph of Article 3 of these Provisions.
The plans thus formulated shall, in accordance with the respective
administrative order, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Economic
Relations and Trade or the local departments of foreign economic relations
and trade for examination and comments and then be submitted to the State
Planning Commission or the local planning commissions for approval, upon
which they shall be included in the long-term plans or annual plans for
the use of foreign exchange and put into practice.
Article 6
In their efforts to seek a balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign
exchange, Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures may, upon approval by
departments of foreign economic relations and trade, make use of the
foreign joint venturers' marketing relations to promote the export of
domestic products and achieve comprehensive compensation. But with respect
to the products which are under the State's centralized management, or for
which export quotas are set, or for which an export licence is to be
applied for and obtained, they shall be exported only with the special
permission of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade. In
default of such special permission no Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures may engage in the export business of these products.
Article 7
If a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture fails to fulfil the tasks of
export and bringing in foreign exchange earnings it has undertaken in
accordance with the stipulations of the contract, thus causing an
imbalance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange, the authorities
concerned shall not be held responsible for the regulation thereof.
Article 8
The products sold by Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures to enterprises
which are located in areas other than the Special Economic Zones and the
Economic and Technological Development Areas of the Open Coastal Cities
and which are capable of making payment in foreign exchange shall, upon
approval by the state departments for control of foreign exchange, be
permitted to be priced and settled in foreign exchange.
Article 9
With respect to a foreign joint venturer who has set up two or more
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures inside China (including those in
different localities and different sectors), the legitimate share of
foreign exchange the venturer is entitled to receive, in case of surplus
in one venture but deficit in another, may, upon approval by the state
department for control of foreign exchange, be regulated between the
ventures the venturer has set up.
The regulation referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to
the consent of all the parties to the joint ventures.
Article 10
Foreign joint venturers in Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures who fail
to achieve a balance of revenue and expenditure in foreign exchange may,
upon approval by the departments of foreign economic relations and trade
and departments for control of foreign exchange, re-invest the share of
profit in Renminbi that they have received from the ventures in domestic
enterprises that are capable of bringing in or increasing foreign exchange
earnings in accordance with the provisions in Article 7 of the Law of the
People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Ventures and
may, in addition to enjoying the preferential treatment of getting part of
their paid incomes taxes refunded, obtain foreign exchange from the newly
increased foreign exchange revenues of the enterprises which have accepted
their investments and remit abroad their legitimate profit.
Article 11
These Provisions shall apply to the Chinese-foreign equity ventures
established inside China and to the joint ventures and contractual joint
ventures set up on China's mainland by companies, enterprises and other
economic organizations in the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. They
shall also apply to the joint ventures and contractual joint ventures set
up with investments by overseas Chinese.
Financial and insurance enterprises established inside China by foreign
joint ventures and enterprises of the same kind set up on China's mainland
by joint ventures from the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan shall
not be governed by these Provisions.
Article 12
Where provisions existing, before the promulgation of these Provisions,
concerning the question of the balance of revenue and expenditure in
foreign exchange are in conflict with these Provisions, the latter shall
prevail.
Article 13
The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade shall be responsible
for the interpretation of these Provisions.
Article 14
These Provisions shall go into effect on February 1, 1986.
